@misc{9277,
  author = {Dag Finstad and H{\r a}kon Stensland and H{\r a}vard Espeland and P{\r a}l Halvorsen},
  title = {Improved Multi-Rate Video Encoding},
  abstract = {Adaptive HTTP streaming is frequently used for both live and on-Demand video delivery over the Internet. Adaptiveness is often achieved by encoding the video stream in multiple qualities (and thus bitrates), and then transparently switching between the qualities according to the bandwidth fluctuations and the amount of resources available for decoding the video content on the end device. For this kind of video delivery over the Internet, H.264 is currently the most used codec, but VP8 is an emerging open-source codec expected to compete with H.264 in the streaming scenario. The challenge is that, when encoding video for adaptive video streaming, both VP8 and H.264 run once for each quality layer, i.e., consuming both time and resources, especially important in a live video delivery scenario. In this paper, we address the resource consumption issues by proposing a method for reusing redundant steps in a video encoder, emitting multiple outputs with varying bitrates and qualities. It shares and reuses the computational heavy analysis step, notably macro-block mode decision, intra prediction and inter prediction between the instances, and outputs video in several rates. The method has been implemented in the VP8 reference encoder, and experimental results show that we can encode the different quality layers at the same rates and qualities compared to the VP8 reference encoder, while reducing the encoding time significantly.},
  year = {2011},
  journal = {International Symposium on Multimedia},
  pages = {293-300},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  isbn = {978-0-7695-4589-9},
  editor = {Anthony Liao},
}